首份全球宽带报告编辑本段回目录
2012年9月25日消息，联合国宽带数字发展委员会（UN Broadband Commission for Digital Development）发布有史以来的第一份全球宽带报告——《The State of Broadband 2012: Achieving Digital Inclusion for All》。这份报告是在联合国宽带数字发展委员会第六次会议上发布的，恰逢第67届联合国大会在纽约举行。报告评估了全球范围内的宽带发展，并跟踪了委员会在2011年提出的宽带四项目标倡议的实施进展。
报告指出，目前，世界范围内都在加速宽带部署，但价格方面仍然需要下降。
报告显示,虽然家庭互联网接入在过去一年已经得到了强劲的增长，并有望实现委员会的家庭宽带接入目标，但个人使用互联网仍然落后。
ITU分析师表示，移动宽带将得到巨大的发展。2011年底，移动宽带用户数已经是固定宽带用户数的两倍。
此外，报告还提到，网络上正出现一个强大的语言转变趋势。如果这种趋势继续下去，到2015年，汉语将取代英语成为互联网的第一大语言。
Evan 译
附件：The State of Broadband 2012: Achieving Digital Inclusion for All
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2012/the-state-of-broadband-2012.pdf
ITU全球互联网报告：新加坡移动宽带最普及编辑本段回目录
北京时间9月25日晚间消息，国际电信联盟(ITU)周一发布了全球互联网普及率报告，在固定宽带普及率方面，中欧国家列支敦士登排名首位。在移动宽带普及率方面，新加坡高居榜首。
报告指出，全球家庭互联网接入率增长迅速，到2015年有望实现40%的普及率目标。而个人互联网的使用情况相对落后，目前的普及率低于到2015年达到60%的目标。
报告显示，截至2001年底，在固定宽带普及率方面，列支敦士登以71.6%的普及率高居榜首。紧随其后的是摩洛哥，普及率为44.2%。瑞士排名第三，普及率为39.2%。第四至第十位排名依次为荷兰、丹麦、韩国、挪威、法国、冰岛和比利时。此外，美国排名第18，日本排名20，而中国位居53位，普及率为11.6%。
在移动宽带普及率方面(每100位居民中的活跃移动宽带用户数)，新加坡高居榜首，普及率达到了110.9%。韩国紧随其后，普及率也达到了105.1%。日本第三，普及率为93.7%。第四至第十位排名依次为瑞典、芬兰、丹麦、卢森堡、美国、英国和卡塔尔。而中国排名第71位，普及率为9.5%。(李明)
The Broadband Commission for Digital Development has published its annual report, “The State of Broadband 2012: Achieving digital inclusion for all”, to be launched at its meeting in New York on 23 September 2012 during the United Nations General Assembly.
It is the hope of the Commission that this report will inform and guide international broadband policy discussions and support the continued expansion of the benefits of broadband globally. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012, recognized that it is essential to work towards improved access to information and communication technologies (ICT), especially broadband networks and services, and bridge the digital divide.
The report has been written collaboratively, drawing on insights and contributions from a range of commissioners and their organizations, foremost in their fields. The Broadband Commission for Digital Development believes that high-speed, affordable broadband connections to the Internet are essential infrastructure in modern society, offering widely recognized economic and social benefits. The Commission aims to promote the adoption of broadband-friendly practice and policies for all, so that everyone can take advantage of the benefits that broadband can offer.
The extension of broadband infrastructure, services and applications to the next billion Internet users is challenging — the report explores the many technical, policy and business decisions involved in connecting the next billion users of ICT, most likely to happen mainly through mobile broadband. Different chapters of the report explore the importance of policy leadership in setting out a clear vision for broadband development, the technological choices involved, the importance of broadband for development and improving people’s lives, and the role of content in driving demand. These are all essential elements for creating our future built on broadband.
Introducing our future built on broadband
We are moving towards a world with a multiplicity of devices, including new specialized devices in a pervasive “Internet of Things”. The future Internet built on broadband is likely to be high-speed, mobile and real-time, with a far greater “social” component, and with many more connected objects and networked devices (see Figure 1). With laptops shrinking in dimensions, as smartphones gain in functionality, the “space” between smartphones, tablets and computers is disappearing fast. At the same time, the gap between smartphones and basic feature phones is widening. The battle between different devices is fully engaged and under way in different markets around the world. Which device will win out? How will tomorrow’s digital generation access the Internet?
The report explores the blurring boundaries between different devices, and between mobile and fixed forms of access. In reality, there is clearly an important role for all these devices (smartphones, tablets, netbooks, computers, fixed devices), with people choosing the appropriate device for the task at hand — but they will all need broadband.
Tracking the advocacy targets of the Broadband Commission
The real power of broadband lies in its potential to transform development around the world. Mobile communications — and more specifically, mobile broadband — now offer major opportunities to advance socio-economic development, from providing basic access to education or health to making cash payments and enabling people to set aside valuable savings and survive economic shocks. The report cites examples of m-learning and m-education.
The report evaluates progress towards the advocacy targets (Figure 2) of the Commission, published at the Broadband Leadership Summit in October 2011. It recognizes a need for policy leadership at the national level to establish a clear vision among stakeholders and prioritize the deployment of broadband services at the national level. The report also argues that the private sector, having played a vital role in rolling out broadband to date, is well placed to evaluate different technologies (fixed, cable or mobile) and develop both the demand and the supply side of the market. Private investments need to be facilitated by public authorities to ensure that a vibrant, sustainable ICT sector exists with a long-term perspective.
Investing in infrastructure for connecting the next billion
The report also explores the business and technological choices involved in connecting the next billion people. Given the economic benefits of broadband, making broadband services available and affordable for all has become essential for economic growth and social welfare. In order to foster broadband deployment, regardless of the source of financing, operators must invest in infrastructure efficiently and optimally to make best use of available resources in the current challenging economic climate. Different infrastructure layers need to be addressed separately from a policy and financing perspective, rather than using a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Indeed, new investment models are needed not only to connect the next billion users, but also to drive expansion in capacity in order to handle the anticipated explosion in data in the coming years.
Digitization and multilingual content as drivers of demand
The societies primarily concerned by the Millennium Development Goals are generally those in the lower-income category where digital culture is not yet fully embedded, creating the digital divide. In recent years, infrastructure development has proved to be a positive dynamic in bridging the digital divide. Without appropriate efforts to bridge language divides in available online content, returns on investment in infrastructure could be significantly reduced as a result of more limited use of the Internet. Content and broadband-enabled services in local languages are important drivers of the use of broadband infrastructure by local population (Figure 3). In terms of users, English and Chinese dominate the Internet, accounting for 27 per cent and 24 per cent of total Internet users, respectively.
Of a potential language universe of over 6000 languages (estimates differ, according to the stage of evolution at which a dialect may be considered a separate language), LinkedIn’s services are currently available in 17 languages; Twitter’s in 21 languages; Google Translate currently offers 63 languages; Facebook offers 70, and Wikipedia is available in 285 (Figure 4). Maintaining popular services in as many languages as possible clearly extends the benefits of the digital world, including diversity and plurality of perspective, and opportunities to appreciate the cultures and views of different communities.
Policy recommendations to maximize the impact of broadband
The report concludes with a set of recommendations to boost the deployment and roll-out of broadband networks, services and applications:
- Explore fresh approaches to spectrum management
- Implement “dig once” policies and expedite rights of way and construction permits
- Use universal service funds and other financial mechanisms to develop broadband
- Consider reviewing and updating ICT regulations
- Consider a unified licensing regime
- Consider converged regulation
- Reduce taxes and import duties on telecommunication/ICT equipment and services
- Stimulate the creation of local content in local languages
- Enhance broadband demand through e-government initiatives
- Monitor ICT developments, based on statistical indicators
- Incorporate sustainability principles into ICT regulations and policies.
