沉迷网络色情的心理解读编辑本段回目录
假如互联网上没有这么多的可以让人在神秘的情形下，能够浏览到色情的内容， 那么冲浪的网民还会有这么大的热情吗？不是说所有的人上网的目的，都是为了寻找色情的网站，而是说的确有些人对于色情站点的兴趣从开始上网之日，就有了这 样的条件在到网上毫无限制的窥视。不幸的是有关部门对色情的网站删除也是积极的，不过和每天几乎有6000多个色情网站的建立相比，删除或许不如建立的快。
色情或是以有色的心情来对待网上的这个虚拟空间，让人们终于有了条件来不再受书籍、报刊等传播方式的限制。色情和黄色的荤笑话，几乎成为了城市网吧的查处的焦点，城市另类的网吧让家长们感到担心的就是网上的色情网站。
对网上的交际，在网民中有这样一句话，已经成为了经典——在网上没有人知道你是一条狗，仅有这话就足够了。易性或是假冒年龄以及隐瞒自己现在的实际情况，再来重温一下不能在现实生活中得到一切，似乎有一种使时光倒流的感觉，成为网民们的一大乐事。在我们所认为已经成为一个十分重要的网上色情问题之前，我们已经从不同的资料和报刊的报道中知道了不少关于网络色情问题，据美国的数字统计，人们通过传统方式对于色情内容的浏览和阅读的费用是13亿美元，而网络上浏览色情网站和其他的黄色内容所花费的费用则为14亿美元。
如此看来， 通过互联网而欣赏色情内容以及有人所预测的通过网上的虚拟方式获得性快感，都为网络的性接触提供了技术条件。也许是互联网存在的色情内容，使得上网成为人们获知这个世界更多的色情内容的一个渠道，而从心理学的角度来看待这一问题，“色情内容也促进了互联网进入世界范围内的千家万户，正像当年家庭色情录影片促使盒式录像技术令人着迷一样”。
美国的网民和关注网络的美国人和我们一样，也要提出这样的一个问题，网上究竟有些什么？从商业的角度来说，色情内容的贩卖者已经是回避互联网的，但是现在互联网的付费方式和已经具有的互动作用，使得互联网在提供色情内容之外，还提供了新的性体验。例如一些“聊天热线”，交完钱的顾客可以通过键盘键入演示的内容的方式与某一淫荡的雇员聊天。而有些网站还提供一些现场的表演录像，而对所提供的性表演的满意程度付费者可以提出自己的意见。
其实，就像我们也在不断探讨的有关互联网上的性问题一样，如果互联网上没有了色情的东西，那么它就不会是互联网了。人们对互联网上的色情内容产生兴趣这也是很自然的事情。因为人们都企图尝试更为强烈和如梦如醉的性生活，而在实际生活中是无法得到的，同样由于经常地对色情内容的浏览，提高性生活质量的这一想法会不断地随着人们对性生活的兴趣而越发显得急切，但是，人们同时也发现当人们在浏览了那些由漂亮的模特表演的色情内容后会不满足于生活中的性伴侣。于是， 在互联网上利用虚拟空间来达到性爱，就不是一种什么技术的性满足，而的确是人们存在于内心世界的一种向往，而互联网则开启了这种想法，并最终让它能够实现。
尽管有人举出了比如丹麦的例子，在20世纪60年代丹麦修改了法律，1970年美国猥亵与色情委员会也作出了决定，说科学证据并不能证明色情内容有害，但在70年代针对妇女的攻击行为和性暴力频频发生，或许是与当时人们对色情内容的从总体上呈缓和的态度有关的。
但是实际上从那以后的1968年到1974年间的描写赤裸裸的性暴力的书籍数量翻了一番多。同时人们还通过大量的强奸案件的分析表明，对攻击性的色情暴力事件的危害性提出了相反的意见，而提出了人们对色情内容的的描写是处于多种需要的缘故——提高性欲、娱乐、教育、或是处于无聊，但是证明色情内容的危害的作用的证据依然是不容置疑的。于是，有关专家提出了自己的一些见解，那就是我们应该对互联网上的色情东西要担多大的心，因为和其他的传播方式相比较，互联网的传播渠道和传播的广度以及受众面，都是其他的媒介所无法想象的。
看色情资讯：不能给出名字的病编辑本段回目录
当色情资讯成为一个问题，应该做什么？1
Published on September 16, 2010
2010 9月16日发表
It's ironic, but it is hard to have an adult conversation about sex. In some areas, topics are so taboo that you risk your reputation even to raise them.
这非常讽刺，但成人之间谈话涉及及性真的是很难。有的地区，这样的话题就是禁忌，提及这样的东西要冒着名誉扫地的风险。
I'll give you one. There are lots of folks whose lives are disrupted by the manner or amount of time they spend watching porn.
我给你一个例子。有很多人因为他们看待色情资讯的态度和观看色情资讯的数量而被摧毁了。
Hey. Quick. Before you close your ears, hear me out.
嗨，快一点，在你捂住耳朵之前，听我说说看。
I'm not saying that I think porn watching of x amount (or even XXX amount) is too much. I have no numeric scale of that kind to provide and if you watch porn and feel comfortable about it, that is fine with me. Really. I'm not trying to mix my role as a psychologist with that of the morality police. I'm just saying that in some people's lives, viewing pornography can occur in a way or in an amount that has serious costs - according to them. People may spend so much time viewing porn that other important things are put to the side. They may be obsessed with disturbing images and alternate between viewing and self-loathing. They may allow their viewing patterns to become a barrier between themselves and their partners or may risk their financial security by viewing pornography while on the job.
我是在说，我认为观看x数量（或甚至xxx数量）太多了。对此我并没有一个具体的数字提供出来，并且如果你看色情资讯并且感觉良好，我也没话说。真的，我只是试着把我的角色定位杂糅成一个心理学家和道德警察的综合体。我觉得，有的人的生活看色情图片有时候或者一定程度上产生严重的代价--据他们所说。人们也许因为花太多时间看色情资讯而把其他重要的事情摆在一边。他们也许会一边沉迷于人体图像和一边又纠结于和观看和自我憎恨。他们也许会允许他们的观看形式发展成为他们与伙伴之间的障碍，或者在工作的时候不顾扣工资冒险看色情资料。
It is not as though we are unaware of this inconvenient truth, despite its political incorrectness in the mainstream culture. Recent research suggests that about 17% of individuals who view porn on the Internet meet criteria for sexual compulsivity. 。That translates to a lot of people, given that about 12% of all the Internet traffic is porn and nearly 90% of the young male population (about 30% of the young female population) view pornography at least occasionally. Unfortunately, this issue is so tricky politically that clinical researchers almost run the other way rather than address it. Through August 2010 not a single controlled treatment study had ever been published on the "problem that must not be named." The federal government is no better: they have never funded even one treatment study focused on this problem and have told researchers not even to try to get the funds for such research through normal scientific funding channels. That pattern of avoidance protects psychologists or bureaucrats fearful of getting their fingers caught in this cultural wringer, all right, but it leaves people struggling with the issue without methods that are tested and known to be helpful.
尽管它的政治错误存在于主流文化，但这不是我们好像不关注这个并不方便的事实。近期的研究表明17%的在网上观看黄色资讯的人都是因为要满足性冲动的各种需要。观察更多的人，给定12%网络流量都是黄色资讯而几乎90%的年轻男性（约30%的女性）至少是偶尔会看黄色资讯。不幸的是，这个事情真的太具有政治恶搞性了，临床的专家们几乎选择另一种方法而不是直面它。虽然2010年8月并不是一个单独受控的治疗性研究，这刊载为“不能给出名字的病”。联邦政府什么也不做：他们从没有资助过治疗此类问题的研究，并告诉研究者不要尝试通过正规的科学基金渠道为这样的病症申请资金。是吧，这种形式的劝阻能够保护心理学家和行政官员不被牵连到这场文化旋风中，但是这让纠结于此病症的人们束手无策，即便而当就有实践证实过能够帮助他们的方法。
Part of the problem may also be that the area is so counter-intuitive that psychologists simply do not know what to do. Utah State University psychologist Michael Twohig (open disclosure: a former student of mine) and his students have recently discovered that there is an ironic process in problematic viewing. Struggling with urges to view leads to more viewing and more psychological problems. In other words, the normal ways we know to reduce things in our lives (avoid or deliberately change what you do not want) has the exact opposite effect than what was intended.
还有部分原因是这样的问题实在是违反直觉致使心理学家手足无措。犹他州大学心理学家麦克土西格（开放的披露信息 ：我以前的一个学生）他的学生最近发现在成问题的观看中存在一个很讽刺的过程。挣扎于看更多的的欲望和更多心理问题中。换句话说，我们知道，按常理如果想要减少某件事情在生活中的比例（避免或者故意改变你想要的东西）常常会产生与我们期望的相反想过。
We have seen that pattern before in areas such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Here is the recipe. Take an urge or an odd thought; mix thoroughly with negative emotions, sensations, or images; then fold in a heaping helping of suppression and avoidance (pushing out of mind; engaging in ritualistic undoing). Voila. Obsessive stew.
我过去看到过这样的案例情形，比如说强制性障碍（OCD）。下面是配方。加一点冲动和古怪的想法；与负面情绪，多愁善感或者幻觉完全混合在一起；然后与一堆抑制和逃避（赶出头脑；沉浸在无所事事的习惯中）夹在一起。瞧，偏执狂大乱炖。
Every time you check to see if your suppression worked - well, it didn't. You just thought of it. Again. More negative emotions. More attempts to control. More checking to see if it went away. More struggling.
每一次你想审视是否抑制在作怪--然而，它并没有。你只是想想。再次的。更多的负面情绪。更多的想要控制的欲望。更多的审视它是否真的没有了。更多的挣扎。
Obsessive stew.
偏执狂。
Treatment researchers have recently found ways to break the self-amplifying pattern of urge suppression and urge indulgence in OCD, and in OCD spectrum disorders such as hair pulling or skin picking, by using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ("ACT" is said as a word, not initials). everal controlled studies on OCD and OCD spectrum problems (mostly by Twohig or by University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee psychologist Doug Woods and their students) have found positive effects for ACT by teaching people to walk in the exact opposite direction than that suggested by the problem-solving organ between our ears. Instead of controlling urges, ACT teaches acceptance and mindful awareness of them. Instead of self-loathing and criticism, ACT teaches self-compassion. Instead of avoidance, ACT instigates approaching ones' values.
治疗研究者最近已经找到了克服这种在OCD和OCD障碍症候群（例如扯头发或者挠痒）中自我放大形式的强迫性抑制和强制性的沉迷，即是使用接受和承认疗法。（“ATC”作为一个单词而不是大写字母组合）。很多对于OCD和OCD障碍症候群的控制性研究（大部分是土西格和他或者是威斯康星大学，密尔沃基心理学家东伍兹和他们的学生）发现：ATC治疗指导人们走截然相反的道路而不是不停建议正确的解决问题的功能，这个作用更加积极。不要控制欲望，ATC鼓励接受和自我对问题的意识。不要自我憎恨和批评，ATC鼓励自我疼惜。不要逃避，ATC鼓励实现自我价值。
This is counter-intuitive. Suppressive avoidance is what the mind knows how to do. A highly religious young man struggling with pornography viewing is likely to criticize himself horribly, and then try to eliminate the urge and suppress all thoughts about it. It almost looks as though that is the moral thing to do, but instead this research suggests that it is a route toward more struggle, more suffering, and ironically toward more obsessive viewing.
这就是反直观性。抑制性的逃避即是大脑知道怎么做。一个有高度宗教信仰的年轻人挣扎于看色情图片中，他很有可能严厉的批评自己，并且试图去除这样的欲望然后压抑自己对于这些东西的一切想法。看起来这似乎就是道德要求做的事情，但是以上研究表明这将导一这样的路径：更多的挣扎，更多的痛苦，然后讽刺的是最后会导致更多的放纵的观看。
It has to be said: this is is also bad theology. Even Christ was tempted, after all. Simply having a thought or feeling a temptation is not yet sinful in major religous philosophies. Sins require an act of the will. A normal problem-solving mode of mind can't quite get that distinction.
不得不说，这也是失败的治疗。即使是耶稣使用这样的方法，也不会奏效。仅仅有一个想法或者有一种诱惑在很多宗教哲学理论中并不构成罪过。罪孽要求要有将这个愿望实现的行为。正常的解决思想问题的模式达不到那样的地步。
Finally, the first controlled study ever done on how to address problematic Internet pornography viewing has been published. It appears in the September 2010 issue of the well-respected clinical research journal Behavior Therapy. Twohig and co-author Jess Crosby applied eight sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to problematic viewing. As participants learned to accept the urge, to watch it rise and fall mindfully, to embrace themselves in a kinder and less judgmental way, and to pivot toward valued actions, something remarkable happened. Viewing became far less frequent, but what was remarkable was how that happened. People softened. Religious obsessions went down but positive commitments went up. Obsessive thinking was relieved and with it worry that unbidden thoughts alone cause harm. People became more accepting of their emotions and less entangled with their thoughts. And they were more able to act in accord with their values as a positive goal, carrying difficult thoughts and feelings with them in a more compassionate way.
最后，第一个关于怎样面对网络色情咨询观看问题的控制研究已经发表了。这出现在2010年9月一个广受尊敬的临床研究期刊行为治疗中。土西格和合作作者杰西克罗斯比运用了8个部分的接受和承认治疗以面对存在问题的观看。当病人们开始学习接受这样的冲动，观察其如何在头脑中兴起然后灭亡，然后用一种相对宽容和少些批评的方式接受它，以价值行为为轴心，会发现一些神奇的事情是怎么发生的。病人会感到轻松。有宗教信仰的强迫性缓下来但是积极的承认升高。强迫的想法被放缓，同时担忧及引发的自发性可能导致危害的想法也放缓了。人们开始接受他们的情绪也不会过于纠结于自己的想法。然后他们就会一边在积极的结果引导下使其行为与他们的价值观相符，一边更加有同情心的方式处理自己困难的想法。
It seems that both sides of the culture debate can have a little piece of that success. Maybe it is time to have an adult conversation about the problem that must not be named.
看起来文化争论的双方都能都达到一定的成功。也许成人间是时候讨论一下这个不能有名字的问题了。
Steven C. Hayes
史蒂芬 c 海斯
Author of Get Out of Your Mind and Into Your Life, Learning ACT, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, among others. Foundation Professor of Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno.
《逃出你的想法进入你的生活》的作者，学习ATC，接受和承认治疗。里诺，内华达州大学心理学客座教授。
