1870年2月7日
President Ulysses S. Grant
On February 7, 1870 the Supreme Court handed down a ruling in the case of Hepburn v. Griswold that effectively declared that the Legal Tender Acts, initially passed during the height of the Civil War in 1862 and 1863, were unconstitutional. As a result, debts piled up before 1862 or 1863 could not be paid via U.S. Treasury notes that were issued under the auspices of the acts. The ruling, which split the Supreme Court in a five to three vote, irked President Ulysses S. Grant, who used his executive power to reinstate the Legal Tender Acts. Although he didn't necessarily stack the high court in favor of the Acts, Grant was mindful to nominate justices to the Supreme Court who echoed his views on the case. During 1870, he appointed Joseph P. Bradley and William Strong, both of whom viewed the Legal Tender Acts as a viable use of the federal government's powers during a period of crisis. With the balance of opinion duly tilted, the Supreme Court reversed course and upheld the Legal Tender Acts in 1871.
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