国内大事记编辑本段回目录
国外大事记编辑本段回目录
1997
The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), the Regional Internet Registry(RIR) for Canada, the United States, and some islands in the Caribbean and North Atlantic ocean, is incorporated as a nonprofit in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Visit the organization’s official website.
The DocJoJo website is hacked by “Kaos97″. View an archived version of the defaced webpage.
The frontpage of the 347th Communication Squadron is hacked by “p00t”. View an archived version of the defaced webpage.
The website Ingmar.com is hacked by “Kaos97″. View an archived version of the defaced website.
MCI WorldCom Inc. eradicates a virus dubbed “Remote Explorer” that scrambles hard drive files and spreads through corporate networks.
Version 2.1.132 of the Linux operating system is released.
2000
Version 1.0 of Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux), which was primarily developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA), is release to the open source community for further development. SELinux is a set of modifications to the Linux kernel which provides a strong but flexible mandatory access control (MAC)architecture similar to the one used by the United States Department of Defense. Visit the software’s official website.
2003
Jon Lech Johansen, also known as DVD-Jon, is acquitted for the second time of hacking into DVD security codes. After Johansen released DeCSS, he was prosecuted in Norway for computer hacking in 2002. The prosecution was conducted by Økokrim, a Norwegian crime unit that investigates and prosecutes economic crimes, after a complaint was made by the U.S. DVD Copy Control Association (DVD-CCA) and the Motion Picture Association (MPA). Johansen denied writing the decryption code in DeCSS, saying that this part of the project was accomplished by someone in Germany. His defense was assisted by the Electronic Frontier Foundation(EFF). The trial opened in the Oslo district court (Oslo tingrett) on December 9, 2002 with Johansen pleading not guilty to charges that had a maximum penalty of two years in prison. The defense argued that no illegal access was obtained to anyone else’s information, since Johansen owned the DVDs himself. They also argued that it is legal under Norwegian law to make copies of such data for personal use. The verdict was announced on January 7, 2003, acquitting Johansen of all charges. This being the verdict of the district court, two further levels of appeals were available to the prosecutors, to the appeals court and then to the Supreme Court. Økokrim filed an appeal on January 20, 2003, and it was reported on February 28 that the appeals court (Borgarting lagmannsrett) had agreed to hear the case. Johansen’s second DeCSS trial began in Oslo on December 2, 2003, and it resulted in an acquittal on December 22, 2003. Økokrim will later announce on January 5, 2004 that it will not appeal the case to the Supreme Court.
Little GLORIAD (Global Ring Network for Advanced Application Development), a networked ring across the northern hemisphere with connections in Chicago, Amsterdam, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Zabajkal’sk, Manzhouli, Beijing, and Hong Kong goes into operation. This is the first-ever fiber network connection across the Russia-China border.
2005
In the European Union (EU), the 2001 Copyright Directive is implemented, effectively prohibiting peer-to-peer filesharing, claiming it to be a violation of the 1996 WIPO treaty (“World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty”). However, not every member of the EU incorporates the directive into its national legislation. In particular, the French Parliament passes two amendments legalizing the exchange of copies over the internet for private use. In a later proceeding, the French government withdrew the article in question and made the use of any p2p client obviously aimed at sharing copyrighted material illegal. How a client would be identified as being “obviously” intended for copyrighted material is left open to interpretation, though.
2007
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launches its “Next Generation Identification” (NGI), a project to expand its Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System(IAFIS) into a billion dollar biometric database system that, upon completion, will be the largest of its kind in the world. The agency, which already compiles faces, fingerprints, and palm patterns, announces that it will be awarding a ten-year contract to expand its existing databases to include even more information. Read more at the FBI website.
2010年12月22日，索尼今天推出了旨在对抗苹果iTunes的音乐下载服务Music Unlimited，这项服务基于Qriocity云端技术，可向用户提供大约600万首歌曲。为了推广业务，该公司已经和时代华纳、环球音乐、百代唱片及主要出版商签署了授权许可协议。
2011年12月22日，全球领先的CND(内容分发网络)服务提供商Akamai Technologies今天宣布以2.68亿美元收购其竞争对手Cotendo。
2011年12月22日，eBay今天宣布，已收购德国网络购物软件公司BillSAFE。eBay旗下PayPal再一年多之前已收购了BillSAFE的少量股份。
2012年12月22日，Expedia今日表示，将以约6.32亿美元现金加股票的价格收购德国酒店搜索引擎Trivago的61.6%股份。Expedia为艺龙的母公司。
大事详解编辑本段回目录
我国高性能计算机形成了三大系列即银河系列、曙光系列和神威系列。
银河系列
银河—Ⅰ 1983年11月我国第一台被命名为“银河”的亿次巨型电子计算机，历经5年，在国防科技大学诞生了。它的研制成功，向全世界宣布：中国成了继美、日等国之后，能够独立设计和制造巨型机的国家。
银河—Ⅱ 1992年11月19日，由国防科技大学研制的“银河—Ⅱ ”10亿次巨型计算机在长沙通过国家鉴定。填补了我国面向大型科学工程计算和大规模数据处理的并行巨型计算机的空白。
银河—Ⅲ 1997年6月19日，由国防科技大学研制的“银河—Ⅲ”并行巨型计算机在京通过国家鉴定。该机采用分布式共享存储结构，面向大型科学与工程计算和大规模数据处理，基本字长64位，峰值性能为130亿次。该机有多项技术居国内领先，综合技术达到当前国际先进水平。
曙光系列
曙光Ⅰ号 1993年10月，曙光成功地推出了第一台SMP结构计算机——“曙光Ⅰ号”。它可以广泛运用于银行、保险、财会、税务、邮电、交通以及政府部门，进行大规模的事务处理。曙光Ⅰ号是我国“863计划”取得的一项重大成果，它标志着我国已掌握了设计制造支持多线程机制的对称式紧耦合并行机的世界先进水平，缩短了我国在并行处理技术上与国外的差距。
曙光1000 1995年5月研制完成，是国内独立研制的第一套大规模并行机系统，其运算速度的峰值达到每秒25亿次。首次采用Mesh网，首次研制成功蛀洞（Wormhole）路由芯片，是第一家研制先进的基于消息传递的并行操作系统，实用的并行优化编译器和并行文件系统，全部采用并行编程、调试工具和环境，整体达到了90年代前期的国际先进水平，部分技术如蛀洞通信芯片设计和并行优化编译达到国际领先水平。
曙光2000—Ⅰ 1998年上半年由国家智能计算机研究开发中心承担的国家863计划重大项目“曙光2000—Ⅰ超级服务器”研制成功并通过国家鉴定。它的峰值运算速度为每秒200亿次浮点运算，支持主流操作系统和并行编程环境，具有单一映象特征，面向科学工程计算；此项目研制的虽是高端产品，但它具有向上向下的可扩展性，因此有希望发展成为一个高性能的计算机产品系列。曙光2000—Ⅰ满足了国内对MPP系统的部分需求，进而推动我国大规模科学工程计算机及大规模事务处理的开展。
曙光2000—Ⅱ 由中国科学院计算所国家智能机研究开发中心研制成功的曙光2000—Ⅱ超级服务器在京通过科技部组织的专家鉴定。它在超级服务器的关键技术和产品化方面取得了重大突破，达到了90年代末期国际同类产品的先进水平，在机群操作系统等方面已进入国际领先行列。它的峰值浮点运算速度为每秒1100亿次，内存总容量达到50千兆字节，可扩展到80千兆字节，磁盘总容量超过600千兆字节，可扩展到几千千兆字节。它具有先进的机群体系结构，由82台结点计算机组成，处理机总数达到164个。曙光2000—Ⅱ具有丰富而完善的软件系统。我国自行研制了功能强大的机群操作系统，配有多种流行的高级程序语言、主流并行编程环境和工具。为了支持网络信息服务，该机配有并行网络和电子邮件服务软件，能支持各种流行的数据库软件。工作的处理器。此外，它还必须有自我检查和修复等功能，这将是计算机设计领域里的一次革命。
2000年8月，由我国自主研发的峰值运算速度达到每秒3840亿浮点结果的高性能计算机神威Ⅰ投入商业运营。我国继美国、日本之后，已成为第三个具备研制高性能计算机能力的国家。该系统在当今全世界已投入商业运行的前500位高性能计算机中排名第48位。
这个被命名为神威Ⅰ计算机系统的可缩放大规模并行计算机系统，主要技术指标和性能达到了国际先进水平，是我国在巨型计算机研制和应用领域取得的重大科研成果，从而打破了西方某些国家在高性能计算机领域对我国的限制。
神威Ⅰ计算机系统的应用范围主要涉及气象气候、航空航天、信息安全、石油勘探、生命科学等领域。北京高性能计算机应用中心在试运行期间，已开发成功多个基于神威Ⅰ计算机系统的实用化大型应用软件。初步统计，神威Ⅰ计算机系统使用率达到60%以上，在国民经济建设领域正发挥着积极作用。如：与我国气象局合作开发的集合数值天气预报系统，在8小时内可完成32个样本、10天全球预报；与中科院生物物理所合作开发的人类基因克隆系统，已完成人类心脏基因克隆运算，取得了达到国际先进水平的成果。
据介绍，第一台神威Ⅰ在北京市高性能计算机应用中心投入使用，第二台将在上海超级计算机中心投入运行。
