Olivetti M20-82年- 科技百科 -互联网博物馆，你我的知识加油站

1978年，公司入不敷出，债台高筑，每月亏损额高达800万美元，公司已经濒临破产的边缘。在这种情况下，新任董事长卡弗·德·贝那蒂提(Carfo De Benedetti)首先对原公司高层的管理与决策进行了深入剖析，最终找出了症结所在。然后，他大胆改革，撤换了一批只想保住职位而不考虑企业今天和明天的高层领导。在此基础上，他从企业中选拔出一批有能力、有魄力、有胆识的人才委以重任，对他们严格要求，明确职责、目的和任务。Olivetti进入了新一轮的发展期。

这一期间最重要的产品为1982年推出了M20，Olivetti的第一台个人电脑。基于Zilog Z8000，16位的处理器，12”的单色或彩色供选择的显示器，国际版为灰色塑料外壳，而在意大利出售的为棕色。设计师依然为Ettore Sottsass。但是，很其他在IBM推出PC前的一些产品一样，它不具备兼容性，包括文件。

两年后推出的 M24在欧洲和美国取得了巨大的成功，能够完全兼容IBM PC，因为无论是Lotus 1-2-3 还是Microsoft Flight Simulator，都可以在上面运行。它比同时期的 IBM PC在硬件设备上更高，更多功能，而且价格比其还低。这款机子在法国以Logabax 1600牌子出售(Olivetti 拥有 Logabax)，在美国以 ATT PC-6300出售（与ATT达成协议），Olivetti 不满意与 ATT合作，它也开始同Xerox合作在美国出售他们的电脑。

Olivetti M20简介编辑本段 回目录

In 1972, Olivetti established in the U.S.A. (Cupertino), the Advanced Technology Centre (ATC), a research centre specialized in new technologies and office automation equipment design. During ten years the centre designed Olivetti typewriters, calculators, photocopiers, etc.... In 1980, the first Olivetti computer took form in Cupertino, and the M-20 computer was launched in March 1982. More than 50,000 units are estimated to have been shipped in the first year.

The M20 was one of the very rare computers based on the Zilog Z8000, a 16 bits microprocessor very close to its 8 bits big brother the Z80. Like most of the computers designed before the IBM PC era, the M20 offered technical choices which made it totally incompatible with the rest of the micro world.

The first proprietary M20 operating system, called PCOS (Professional Computer Operating System) was also very particular and didn't allowed files to be exchanged with other systems. Hopefully, MS-DOS V2.0, CP/M-86 and CP/M-80 would be later adapted to the specific M-20 hardware. Moreover, front of this compatibility problem, Olivetti developped a coprocessor board based on the 8086 chip, which offered M20 owners access to IBM PC software.

The M20 came with a 12'' monochrome or colour custom built monitor. The international version had a grey plastic case, the Italian version had a brown one.

主要参数编辑本段 回目录

NAME	M20
MANUFACTURER	Olivetti
TYPE	Professional Computer
ORIGIN	Italy
YEAR	March 1982
BUILT IN LANGUAGE	None
KEYBOARD	Full-Stroke 120 keys with numeric keypad
CPU	Zilog Z8001
SPEED	4 Mhz
CO-PROCESSOR	None
RAM	128 KB expandable to 512 KB
ROM	12 KB (BIOS)
TEXT MODES	80 columns x 25 lines
GRAPHIC MODES	512 x 256 pixels in 4 colours maximum
COLORS	4 or 8 with RAM extension board
SOUND	Beeper
SIZE / WEIGHT	42.5(W) x 51.4(D) x 15(H) cm. Weight: 10.5 Kg.
I/O PORTS	1 x RS-232 port, 1 x RS-1232C enhanced serial port, 1 x custom monitor connector, 1 x Parallel printer port
BUILT IN MEDIA	2 x 160, 320 or 640 KB 5.25'' F.D. drives or 1 x F.D. drive + 1 x 11.25 MB Hard disk
OS	PCOS, CP/M8000, MS-DOS (with the APB 8086 card)
POWER SUPPLY	Built-in power supply
PERIPHERALS	128 KB memory card, Intel 8086 microprocessor card, IEEE-488 card
PRICE	$5400 (2 x F.D. version)

参考文献编辑本段 回目录

http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=611
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivetti_M20
http://www.digibarn.com/collections/parts/olivetti-M20-ramcards/index.html
http://www.z80ne.com/m20/

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