|
|
|
法国在计算机领域享有国际性的声誉。1972年,André Truong和Francois Gernelle两位法国工程师设计了世界上第一台微电脑,取名为“le Micral”;1979年,法国人JeanIchbiah发明了高级ADA编译语言,该语言后被美国国防部门所采用。 法国学校培养的工程师都拥有良好的技术能力。法国大学同样也在本科生和硕士研究生等层次开设高质量的培训课程。最后,法国的各专门学校也有权授予各种信息工程、软件设计、网络建设、信息管理等方面的文凭。 此外,尽管一些培训课程尚未得到官方承认,但却受到企业的青睐,因为后者需要的是能直接操作的专门人才。无论是大学、工程师学校、还是专门学校,无论是通才的培训(这类培训有助于学生日后的发展,对他们不断适应计算机领域的快速变化有利)、还是专才的培养,总之,学生能有机会作最广泛的选择。 关于个人电脑编辑本段回目录一般来说个人电脑分为两大机型与两大系统,在机型上分为常见的桌上型电脑与笔记本电脑。在系统上分别是国际商用机器公司(IBM)整合制定的IBM PC/AT系统标准,以及苹果电脑所开发的麦金塔系统。 狭义来说,个人电脑是指前者(IBM整合制定的PC/AT),IBM PC/AT此标准由于采用x86开放式架构而获得大部分厂商所支持,成为市场上主流所以一般所说的PC意旨IBM PC/AT; 而苹果电脑所出的电脑称为麦金塔电脑,并不归类为个人电脑,苹果电脑原来并不采用Intel-based中央处理器;不过,苹果电脑又宣布即将推出使用Intel中央处理器的麦金塔电脑,可见将来,苹果电脑亦会被整合为个人电脑。 关于Micral编辑本段回目录Micral是历史上最早的个人电脑,是夫朗索瓦·热尔内尔(Fran?ois Gernelle)及其合作者在1973年发明的。这种计算机是在法国国家农业研究院的推动之下而制造的,因为这个研究院当时没有足够的资金来购买大型计算机。 第一款型号Micral-N的价格对那个时代来说相当低(8500法郎=1250欧罗左右)。后来随着微处理器的发展和硬盘的发明,出现了许多其它型号。 在Apple II之前很多年,这是世界上最早的完整成套计算机。开发这种计算机的公司是R2E,后来被Bull公司所收购。 据说是Borland软件公司成立者菲利普·康(Philippe Kahn)使用的第一台计算机。 Micral的故事编辑本段回目录February 13, 1994, Fran?ois Gernelle is watching TV and as he listen to the announcer reporting on the 20th anniversary of the micro-computer. He jumps. When he sees his old boss, André Truong shown as the inventor of the first micro-computer. André Truong as for a long time played on the ambiguity. The boss of R2E, the company that Fran?ois Gernelle worked for when he created the MICRAL, he takes this opportunity to proclaim that he is the father of the MICRAL. In November 1998, after more than 4 years of legal procedure (1994-1998) Fran?ois Gernelle, gets the right to say that he is the inventor of the micro-computer by the “cour d'appel de Versailles”. Gernelle and Truong met in 1968 at Intertechnique a company specialize in medical and nuclear applications. Young electronics engineer Fran?ois Gernelle proposed to Intertechnique to build micro-computers but that didn’t work. In 1972, he joins Truong who just started R2E, and during a meeting with the people responsible for l'Inra “Institut national de recherche agronomique” who are looking for a cheap way to build a system to calculate the soil evapotranspiration, Fran?ois Gernelle proposed to build a calculator for half the price. He created the first micro-computer in the process. Today Fran?ois Gernelle as still some bitterness towards Truong. Why did they miss the chance to become rich with this discovery? It’s because one day in 1975, they missed the opportunity to create a fantastic start-up. The MICRAL had some success in France, and Honeywell was interested in buying the MICRAL. In a bar in Los Angeles that faithful day the boss of Honeywell was offering 2 millions for the MICRAL and it’s software Prologue. Truong asked for 4 millions and the boss of Honeywell not very happy left the table. After Bull bought R2E, in 1983, Fran?ois Gernelle left Truong to create is own company. But it was too late. 参考文献编辑本段回目录http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micral http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=352 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gernelle →如果您认为本词条还有待完善,请 编辑词条
词条内容仅供参考,如果您需要解决具体问题
收藏到:
同义词: Fran莽ois Gernelle ,Francois Gernelle 关于本词条的评论 (共0条)发表评论>> |