3月26日消息：经国家批准，2006年5月，建筑面积10.2万平方米的中国科技馆新馆在北京奥林匹克公园中心区奠基，经过近两年的建设，今年5月将完成工程外檐装修，奥运会期间，将在新馆举办“古代中国发明创造文物展”专题展览，向各国来宾展示我国光辉灿烂的古代科技文化成就，预计2009年10月正式对社会开放。
最伟大的科学发现此次组织“最伟大的科学发现、技术发明”评选活动，旨在通过科学家和公众投票，评选出人类历史上“最伟大的科学发现”和“最伟大的技术发明”各20项，作为中国科技馆新馆室外的永久性科普展示内容。同时，形成影响广泛的科普宣传效应，加深公众对于科技创新促进社会进步的理解，并引导公众参与科普活动，实现与科技专家和社会公众的交流、互动，为建设创新型国家营造良好的社会氛围。
评选内容侧重于人类认识世界、经济社会发展和人类文明进步具有重大影响的科学发现和技术发明，兼顾公众所熟悉、与日常生活关系密切的科学发现、技术发明成果。目前，根据科技史专家的意见，已经编列出科学发现和技术发明各60项，其简介和图片通过这次活动向社会公布，由公众通过网上投票，从中评选出科学发现和技术发明各40项。最后，组织各领域的科学家从中评选科学发现和技术发明各20项，在中国科技馆新馆室外进行永久性展示。
期间，围绕科学发现、技术发明对人类生活、经济和思想文化产生的影响等话题，将通过有关媒体进行公众、专家之间的讨论与交流。
此次评选活动的主办单位是中国科学技术馆和中国科学院自然科学史研究所，指导单位是中国科协调宣部，协办单位是《大众科技报》、《科学时报》、中国科协信息中心、网易探索频道。活动办公室设在中国科技馆，电话：62371177-2307，联系人：赵洋、杨力。
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“最伟大的科学发现、技术发明”候选名单（共120项）
一、“最伟大的科学发现”候选名单（60项）
1．数学类发现
进位制和零的概念
最伟大的科学发现微积分和分析数学
概率论
控制论与信息论
2．物理学类发现
杠杆原理
浮力定理
光的反射与折射
牛顿力学三定律
动量守恒定律
能量转换与守恒定律
热力学第二定律
电磁感应
电磁波
光谱分析
X射线
放射性
电子与原子内部结构
量子理论
狭义相对论
广义相对论
核裂变与核聚变
基本粒子（夸克）
3．天文学类发现
日心说
行星运动定律
万有引力定理
河外星系
恒星演化
星际分子
宇宙大爆炸学说
4．化学类发现
化学元素
氧和氧化学说
化合物组成定律与原子论
分子学说
苯的结构
元素周期律
化学键理论
高分子化学
5．地球科学类发现
地圆说
古生物与地层学
伟大发明大气环流理论
电离层
地球的核幔差异运动
6．生命科学类发现
人体结构与解剖学
遗传与基因
DNA的发现及双螺旋结构模型
二、“最伟大的技术发明”候选名单（60项）
1．材料类发明
陶瓷
青铜冶铸
生铁冶炼
纺织
火药/炸药
玻璃
水泥
合成染料
高分子合成材料
液晶
2．能源动力类发明
人工取火技术
蒸汽机
内燃机
电池
电机（发电机、电动机）
3．农业与食品类发明
酿造
化肥
合成杀虫剂
发明杂交育种
联合收割机
4．交通与航天类发明
车轮
马具
火箭
轮船
火车
汽车
飞机
人造卫星
5．仪器类发明
指南针
钟表
望远镜
显微镜
激光器
6．信息技术类发明
笔
造纸
印刷术
电报
电话
无线电
电子管
电视
雷达
计算机
晶体管
集成电路
光纤通信
互联网
7．医药与生物工程类发明
针灸
疫苗
麻醉术
输血术
维生素
青霉素
节育技术
基因重组
克隆技术
8．其它发明
眼镜
电灯
照相技术
城市供水及污水处理系统
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“最伟大的科学发现、技术发明”评选活动 科技史专家名单
廖育群（中国科学院自然科学史研究所所长、研究员）
王渝生（中国科学技术馆研究员）
董光壁（中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员）
张开逊（北京机械工业自动化研究所研究员）
冯立升（清华大学科技史研究所所长、教授）
袁江洋（中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员）
郝刘祥（中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员）
李劲松（中国科学院自然科学史研究所高级工程师）
王 恒（中国科学技术馆研究员）
人类最伟大的发明编辑本段回目录
INVENTION YEAR INVENTOR COUNTRY
aerosol can 1926 Erik Rotheim Norway
air conditioning 1902 Willis Haviland Carrier US
airbag, automotive 1952 John Hetrick US
airplane, engine-powered 1903 Wilbur & Orville Wright US
airship 1852 Henri Giffard France
alphabet c. 1700–1500 BC Semitic-speaking peoples eastern coast of Mediterranean Sea
American Sign Language 1817 Thomas H. Gallaudet US
animation, motion-picture 1906 J. Stuart Blackton US
answering machine, telephone 1898 Valdemar Poulsen Denmark
aspartame 1965 James Schlatter US
aspirin 1897 Felix Hoffmann (Bayer) Germany
assembly line 1913 Henry Ford US
astrolabe c. 2nd century — —
AstroTurf 1965 James M. Faria, Robert T. Wright US
audiotape 1928 Fritz Pfleumer Germany
automated teller machine (ATM) 1968 Don Wetzel US
automobile 1889 Gottlieb Daimler Germany
baby food, prepared 1927 Dorothy Gerber US
bag, flat-bottomed paper 1870 Margaret Knight US
Bakelite 1907 Leo Hendrik Baekeland US
ball bearing 1794 Philip Vaughan England
balloon, hot-air 1783 Joseph & Étienne Montgolfier France
bandage, adhesive 1921 Earle Dickson US
bar code 1952 Joseph Woodland US
barbed wire 1874 Joseph Glidden US
barometer 1643 Evangelista Torricelli Italy
battery, electric storage 1800 Alessandro Volta Italy
beer before 6000 BC Sumerians, Babylonians Mesopotamia
bicycle 1818 Baron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun Germany
bifocal lens 1784 Benjamin Franklin US
bikini 1946 Louis Réard France
blood bank late 1930s Charles Richard Drew US
blow-dryer 1920 Racine Universal Motor Co., Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Co. US
bomb, atomic 1945 J. Robert Oppenheimer, et al. US
bomb, thermonuclear (hydrogen) 1952 Edward Teller, et al. US
boomerang c. 15,000 years ago Aboriginal peoples Australia
Braille system 1824 Louis Braille France
brassiere (bra) 1913 Mary Phelps Jacob US
bread, sliced (bread-slicing machine) 1928 Otto Frederick Rohwedder US
button c. 700 BC Greeks, Etruscans Greece, Italy
buttonhole 13th century — Europe
calculator, electronic hand-held 1967 Jack S. Kilby US
calculus 1680s Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (invented separately) England and Germany (respectively)
calendar, modern (Gregorian) 1582 Pope Gregory XIII Italy
camcorder 1982 Sony Corp. Japan
camera, motion picture 1891 Thomas Alva Edison, William K.L. Dickson US
camera, portable photographic 1888 George Eastman US
can, metal beverage 1933 American Can Co. US
can opener 1858 Ezra J. Warner US
candle c. 3000 BC — Egypt, Crete
canning, food 1809 Nicolas Appert France
carbon-14 dating 1946 Willard F. Libby US
cardboard, corrugated 1871 Albert Jones US
cards, playing c. 10th century — China
cash register 1879 James Ritty US
cat litter 1947 Edward Lowe US
catalog, mail-order 1872 Aaron Montgomery Ward US
cellophane 1911 Jacques E. Brandenberger Switzerland
celluloid 1869 John Wesley Hyatt US
cement, portland 1824 Joseph Aspdin England
cereal flakes, breakfast 1894 John Harvey Kellogg US
chewing gum (modern) c. 1870 Thomas Adams US
chocolate c. 3rd–10th century Maya, Aztecs Central America, Mexico
chronometer 1762 John Harrison England
clock, pendulum 1656 Christiaan Huygens The Netherlands
clock, quartz 1927 Warren A. Marrison Canada/US
cloning, animal 1970 John B. Gurdon UK
coffee, drip 1908 Melitta Bentz Germany
coffee, decaffeinated 1905 Ludwig Roselius Germany
coins c. 650 BC Lydians Turkey
compact disc (CD) 1980 Philips Electronics, Sony Corp. The Netherlands, Japan
compass, magnetic c. 12th century — China, Europe
computed tomography (CT scan, CAT scan) 1972 Godfrey Hounsfield, Allan Cormack UK, US
computer, electronic digital 1939 John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. Berry US
computer, laptop 1983 Radio Shack Corp. US
computer, personal 1974 MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems) US
concrete, reinforced 1867 Joseph Monier France
condom, latex c. 1930 — —
contact lenses 1887 Adolf Fick Germany
contraceptives, oral early 1950s Gregory Pincus, John Rock, Min Chueh Chang US
corn, hybrid 1917 Donald F. Jones US
correction fluid, white 1951 Bette Nesmith US
cotton gin 1793 Eli Whitney US
coupon, grocery 1894 Asa Candler US
crayons, children's wax 1903 Edwin Binney, C. Harold Smith US
cream separator (dairy processing) 1878 Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval Sweden
credit card 1950 Frank McNamara, Ralph Schneider (Diners' Club) US
crossword puzzles 1913 Arthur Wynne US
DDT 1874 Othmar Zeidler Germany
defibrillator 1952 Paul M. Zoll US
dentures c. 700 BC Etruscans Italy
detector, metal late 1920s Gerhard Fisher Germany/US
detector, home smoke 1969 Randolph Smith, Kenneth House US
diamond, artificial 1955 General Electric Co. US
diapers, disposable 1950 Marion Donovan US
digital videodisc (DVD) 1995 consortium of international electronics companies Japan, US, The Netherlands
dishwasher 1886 Josephine Cochrane US
DNA fingerprinting 1984 Alec Jeffreys UK
doughnut (ring) or donut 1847 Hanson Crockett Gregory US
door, revolving 1888 Theophilus von Kannel US
drinking fountain c. 1905–1912 Luther Haws, Halsey W. Taylor (invented separately) US
dry cleaning 1855 Jean Baptiste Jolly France
dynamite 1867 Alfred Nobel Sweden
elastic, fabric c. 1830 Thomas Hancock UK
electric chair 1888 Harold P. Brown, Arthur E. Kennelly US
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) 1903 Willem Einthoven The Netherlands
electroencephalogram (EEG) 1929 Hans Berger Germany
electronic mail (e-mail) 1971 Ray Tomlinson US
elevator, passenger 1852 Elisha Graves Otis US
encyclopedia c. 4th century BC or 77 AD Speusippus (compliation of Plato's teachings) or Pliny the Elder (comprehensive work) Greece or Rome
engine, internal-combustion 1859 Étienne Lenoir France
engine, jet 1930 Sir Frank Whittle UK
engine, liquid-fueled rocket 1926 Robert H. Goddard US
engine, steam 1698 Thomas Savery England
escalator 1891 Jesse W. Reno US
eyeglasses 1280s Salvino degli Armati or Alessandro di Spina Italy
facsimile (fax) 1842 Alexander Bain Scotland
fiber optics 1955 Narinder S. Kapany India
fiberglass 1938 Owens Corning (corp.) US
film, photographic 1884 George Eastman US
flashlight, battery-operated portable 1899 Conrad Hubert Russia/US
flask, vacuum (Thermos) 1892 Sir James Dewar Scotland
food processor 1971 Pierre Verdon France
foods, freeze-dried 1946 Earl W. Flosdorf US
foods, frozen c. 1924 Clarence Birdseye US
Fresnel lens 1820 Augustin-Jean Fresnel France
fuel cell 1839 William R. Grove UK
genetic engineering 1973 Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer US
Geiger counter 1908 Hans Geiger Germany
glass c. 2500 BC Egyptians or Phoenicians Egypt or Lebanon
glass, safety 1909 Édouard Bénédictus France
greeting card, Christmas 1843 John Callcott Horsley England
guillotine 1792 Joseph-Ignace Guillotin France
guitar, electric 1941 Les Paul US
gunpowder c. 10th century — China or Arabia
hanger, wire coat 1903 Albert J. Parkhouse US
helicopter 1939 Igor Sikorsky Russia/US
holography 1948 Dennis Gabor Hungary
hypodermic syringe 1853 Charles Gabriel Pravaz France
in vitro fertilization (IVF), human 1978 Patrick Steptoe, Robert Edwards UK
ink c. 2500 BC — Egypt, China
insulin, extraction and preparation of 1921 Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles H. Best Canada
integrated circuit 1958 Jack S. Kilby US
Internet 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) at the Dept. of Defense US
iron, electric 1882 Henry W. Seely US
irradiation, food 1905 — US/UK
jeans 1873 Levi Strauss, Jacob Davis US
JELL-O (gelatin dessert) 1897 Pearle B. Wait US
jukebox 1889 Louis Glass US
Kevlar 1965 Stephanie Kwolek US
Kool-Aid (fruit drink mix) 1927 Edwin E. Perkins US
laser 1958 Gordon Gould and Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow (invented separately) US
laundromat 1934 J.F. Cantrell US
lawn mower, gasoline-powered c. 1940 Leonard Goodall US
Lego late 1940s Ole Kirk Christiansen Denmark
light bulb, incandescent 1879 Thomas Alva Edison US
light bulb, fluorescent 1934 Arthur Compton US
light-emitting diode (LED) 1962 Nick Holonyak, Jr. US
linoleum 1860 Frederick Walton UK
lipstick, tube 1915 Maurice Levy US
liquid crystal display (LCD) 1963 George Heilmeier US
lock and key c. 2000 BC Assyrians Mesopotamia
locomotive 1829 George Stephenson England
longbow c. 1000 — Wales
loudspeaker 1924 Chester W. Rice, Edward W. Kellogg US
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) early 1970s Raymond Damadian, Paul Lauterbur US
margarine 1869 Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès France
matches, friction 1827 John Walker England
metric system of measurement 1795 French Academy of Sciences France
microphone 1878 David E. Hughes UK/US
microscope, compound optical c. 1600 Hans & Zacharias Jansen The Netherlands
microscope, electron 1933 Ernst Ruska Germany
microwave oven 1945 Percy L. Spencer US
miniature golf c. 1930 Garnet Carter US
mirror, glass c. 1200 Venetians Italy
missile, guided 1942 Wernher von Braun Germany
mobile home 1919 Glenn H. Curtiss US
money, paper late 900s — China
Monopoly (board game) 1934 Charles B. Darrow US
Morse code 1838 Samuel F.B. Morse US
motor, electric 1834 Thomas Davenport US
motor, outboard 1907 Ole Evinrude Norway/US
motorcycle 1885 Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach Germany
mouse, computer 1963–64 Douglas Engelbart US
Muzak 1922 George Owen Squier US
nail, construction c. 3300 BC Sumerians Mesopotamia
necktie 17th century — Croatia
neon lighting 1910 Georges Claude France
nuclear reactor 1942 Enrico Fermi US
nylon 1937 Wallace H. Carothers US
oil lamp 1784 Aimé Argand Switzerland
oil well 1859 Edwin Laurentine Drake US
pacemaker, cardiac 1952 Paul M. Zoll US
paper c. 105 Ts'ai Lun China
paper clip 1899 Johan Vaaler Norway
paper towel 1931 Arthur Scott US
parachute, modern 1797 André-Jacques Garnerin France
parking meter 1932 Carl C. Magee US
particle accelerator 1929 Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton Ireland/UK
pasteurization 1864 Louis Pasteur France
pen, ballpoint 1938 Lazlo Biro Hungary
pencil 1565 Conrad Gesner Switzerland
periodic table 1871 Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev Russia
personal watercraft, motorized 1968 Bombardier, Inc. Canada
petroleum jelly 1870s Robert Chesebrough US
phonograph 1877 Thomas Alva Edison US
photocopying (xerography) 1937 Chester F. Carlson US
photography 1837 Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre France
photography, instant 1947 Edwin Herbert Land US
Play-Doh 1956 Noah W. & Joseph S. McVicker US
plow, steel 1836 John Deere US
pocket watch c. 1500 Peter Henlein Germany
polyethylene 1935 Eric Fawcett, Reginald Gibson UK
polygraph (lie detector) 1921 John A. Larson US
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1872 Eugen Baumann Germany
Post-it Notes mid-1970s Arthur Fry (3M) US
potato chips 1853 George Crum US
printing press, movable type c. 1450 Johannes Gutenberg Germany
Prozac 1972 Ray W. Fuller, Bryan B. Molloy, David T. Wong US
radar c. 1904 Christian Hülsmeyer Germany
radio 1896 Guglielmo Marconi Italy
radio, car early 1920s William P. Lear US
rayon 1884 Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud, count of Chardonnet France
razor, electric 1928 Jacob Schick US
razor, safety c. 1900 King Camp Gillette US
reaper, mechanical 1831 Cyrus Hall McCormick US
record, long-playing (LP) 1948 Peter Carl Goldmark US
refrigerator 1842 John Gorrie US
remote control, television 1950 Robert Adler US
respirator c. 1955 Forrest M. Bird US
revolver 1835–36 Samuel Colt US
Richter scale 1935 Charles Francis Richter, Beno Gutenberg US
rifle, assault 1944 Hugo Schmeisser Germany
roller coaster 1884 LeMarcus A. Thompson US
rubber, vulcanized 1839 Charles Goodyear US
rubber band 1845 Stephen Perry UK
saccharin 1879 Ira Remsen, Constantin Fahlberg US, Germany
saddle (riding) c. 200 BC — China
safety pin 1849 Walter Hunt US
satellite, successful artificial earth 1957 Sergey Korolyov, et al. USSR
satellite, communications 1960 John Robinson Pierce US
saxophone 1846 Antoine-Joseph Sax Belgium
Scotch tape 1930 Richard Drew (3M) US
scuba gear 1943 Jacques Cousteau, Émile Gagnan France
seat belt, automotive shoulder 1959 Nils Bohlin (Volvo) Sweden
sewing machine 1841 Barthélemy Thimonnier France
shoelaces 1790 — England
silicone 1904 Frederic Stanley Kipping UK
skateboard 1958 Bill & Mark Richards US
skates, ice 1000 BC — Scandinavia
skates, roller 1760s Joseph Merlin Belgium
ski, snow c. 2000–3000 BC — Sweden, Finland, Norway
skyscraper, steel-frame 1884 William Le Baron Jenney US
slot machine 1890s Charles Fey US
snowmobile 1922 Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada
soap 600 BC Phoenicians Lebanon
soft drinks, carbonated 1772 Joseph Priestley UK
sonar 1915 Paul Langevin France
stamps, postage 1840 Sir Rowland Hill UK
stapler 1866 George W. McGill US
steamboat, successful 1807 Robert Fulton US
steel, mass-production 1856 Henry Bessemer UK
steel, stainless 1914 Harry Brearley UK
stereo, personal 1979 Sony Corp. Japan
stereophonic sound recording 1931 Alan Dower Blumlein UK
stethoscope 1819 René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec France
stock ticker 1867 Edward A. Calahan US
stove, electric 1896 William Hadaway US
stove, gas 1826 James Sharp UK
straw, drinking 1888 Marvin Stone US
submarine 1620 Cornelis Drebbel The Netherlands
sunglasses 1752 James Ayscough UK
sunscreen 1944 Benjamin Green US
supermarket 1930 Michael Cullen US
synthesizer, music 1955 Harry Olson, Herbert Belar US
synthetic skin 1981 Ioannis V. Yannas, John F. Burke US
tampon, cotton 1931 Earle Cleveland Haas US
tank, military 1915 Admiralty Landships Committee UK
tea bag early 1900s Thomas Sullivan US
teddy bear 1902 Morris Michtom US
Teflon 1938 Roy Plunkett US
telegraph 1832–35 Samuel F.B. Morse US
telephone, wired-line 1876 Alexander Graham Bell Scotland/US
telephone, mobile 1946 Bell Laboratories US
telescope, optical 1608 Hans Lippershey The Netherlands
television 1923, 1927 Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, Philo Taylor Farnsworth Russia/US, US
thermometer 1592 Galileo Italy
thermostat 1830 Andrew Ure UK
threshing machine 1778 Andrew Meikle Scotland
tire, pneumatic 1888 John Boyd Dunlop UK
tissue, disposable facial 1924 Kimberly-Clark Co. US
tissue, toilet 1857 Joseph Gayetty US
toaster, electric 1893 Crompton Co. UK
toilet, flush c. 1591 Sir John Harington England
toothbrush 1498 — China
tractor 1892 John Froehlich US
traffic lights, automatic 1923 Garrett A. Morgan US
transistor 1947 John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. Shockley US
typewriter 1868 Christopher Latham Sholes US
ultrasound imaging, obstetric 1958 Ian Donald UK
vaccination 1796 Edward Jenner England
vacuum cleaner, electric 1901 Herbert Cecil Booth UK
Velcro 1948 George de Mestral Switzerland
vending machine c. 100–200 BC — Egypt
Viagra 1997 Pfizer Inc. US
video games 1972 Nolan Bushnell US
videocassette recorder 1969 Sony Corp. Japan
videotape 1950s Charles Ginsburg US
virtual reality 1989 Jaron Lanier US
vision correction, laser 1987 Stephen Trokel US
washing machine, electric 1907 Alva J. Fisher US
wheel about 3500 BC proto-Aryan people or Sumerians Russia/Kazakhstan or Mesopotamia
wheelbarrow 1st century BC — China
wheelchair 1590s — Spain
windmill 644 — Persia
wine before 4000 BC — Middle East
World Wide Web 1989 Tim Berners-Lee UK
wristwatch, digital 1970 John M. Bergey US
X-ray imaging 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Germany
Zamboni (ice resurfacing machine) 1949 Frank J. Zamboni US
zipper 1893 Whitcomb L. Judson US
